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LOWER

The LOWER function in SQL returns a string in which all alphabetic characters in a specified string are converted to lowercase.

Syntax​

LOWER(string)

Parameters​

  • string: The original string to convert.

Return Value​

The function returns a new string that is the same as the original string, but with all uppercase characters converted to lowercase. Non-alphabetic characters in the string are unaffected.

Errors​

  • If the string argument is not a string, a FunctionRequiresStringValue error will be returned.

Examples​

Consider a table Item created and filled with the following data:

CREATE TABLE Item (
    name TEXT
);
INSERT INTO Item VALUES ('ABCD'), ('Abcd'), ('abcd');

You can use the LOWER function to convert all name values to lowercase:

SELECT LOWER(name) AS lower_name FROM Item;

This will return:

abcd
abcd
abcd

Note that the LOWER function affects only alphabetic characters. Non-alphabetic characters in the string remain unchanged.